NIMS and ICS Models benefits to the State

Introduction When a distress call comes and someone needs your help you, as the person in charge of a department related to disaster management, are tasked with formulation of a response on how you can help or contain the impending or the ongoing disaster. Thus, it is very important to have good communication and coordination for the disaster to be managed successfully.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on NIMS and ICS Models benefits to the State-Level Homeland Security Procedure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the times, many people overlook the need to have a coordinated system as most assume that a disaster may never occur to them. The people involved in both ends of the spectrum needs to find a way of communicating so as to enable the disaster manager to plan for the best mitigation processes. As Hicks (2006) states, â€Å"The problem is that many business and industrial sites engage in emergen cy planning without the inclusion of the emergency responders.†(p6) The lack of involvement as has been experienced in the past has led to reduced communication and coordination in cases of disasters leaving manageable crisis destroying property worth millions and losses of lives in some situations. To control and avoid the re-occurrence of disasters due to low (or none) communication and coordination experienced in the past within the country, the president saw the importance of every party involved working together and thus issued a directive to the formation of NIMS as developed by the Department of Homeland Security. The ICS Model: (Incident Command System) Back in 1971 the state of California was faced with issues on how they could coordinate in the issues of wild land fire fighting and thus they developed the ICS model. They created an organization by the name of FIRESCOPE (Firefighting Resources of California Organized for Potential Emergencies). The organization covere d essential requirements in managing the problematic incidents by creating a team effort with the aim of solving problems that may arise in the future. The ICS has been refined, improved, and adopted in the other American states but its basic goals have always remained the same.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More NIMS Model: (National Incident Management System) This a system that provides a national platform to enable all the concerned stakeholders be it the federal, state, country or even the village private and non private sectors work together in an effort to respond, prepare or even prevent a disaster regardless of the nature of the disaster itself (Naake, 2003). The main goals of NIMS as stated by Hicks (2006) were to â€Å"Make standardized procedures, planning, training, and exercising; qualify emergency personnel; make communication systems and procedures interoperabl e and establish information and communication technologies.† (p6) The above systems have helped in adding accountability, transparency and systematic coordination among the relevant departments in the United States in case of occurrence of any disaster. The Advantages of Communication and Information Management Systems: Since the communication language is the same it ensures consistency in the response thus helping business or other parties that may be in need of help recover fast as it allows them to communicate their problems and concerns at all the necessary levels. When communication and coordination is integrated, the responding departments will manage the disasters in a way that reduces interruption of the business, time for recovery and also the recovery costs will be minimal preventing incurring of big losses. The ICS and the NIMS systems also enhance greater efficiency as they are specifically designed to direct and coordinate efforts in the event of a disaster or a c risis of any type. The coordination among the different departments for example in case of fire, a quick response from the cops, the medics and the fire fighting department within a state can help save lives and salvage properties in the verge of consumption by the fire. Thus, by using similar language terminologies, the involved parties are able to respond and understand the needs of the other parties thus a quicker action is taken to control the disaster. Management of Resources The coordination and oversight of equipments, procedures, and required systems that usually provide the disaster manager with timely and enough resources during an incident is all resource management entails during disaster management. The procedure involves describing, recording, requesting (if not available), and keeping a close eye on how the resources are used before, during, and after an incident.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on NIMS and ICS Models benefits to the State -Level Homeland Security Procedure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The improved communication system also allows for faster mobilization, allocation, use and recalling of some of the needed resources during a crisis while at the same time reducing the time needed in accessing any required aid and assistance resources. It is a very important task as it can make or destroy everything involved. Multi Agency Coordination The combination of equipment, personnel and procedures among other processes into a common system that allows the integration between the local and even the state emergency units in case a crisis occurs and external assistance is needed is a major benefit of the ICS/ NIMS systems. Coordination of activities and prioritization of demands needed or competing made by the distress callers is another major advantage. The multi agency coordination also enhances in the identification of future resources that may be needed in ma naging a disaster and also strategic coordination among the states, tribes, and even the countries (FEMA, 2004). Conclusion Disaster management is a major issue that need to be looked into although most of the times people overlook it. With the increasing risks of disasters occurring, for example, due to fire or terrorism activities we can conclude that the United States of America authorities have been looking into this matter as can be evidenced by the introduction of the ICS and the NIMS systems, which aid in communication and response between the respondents and disaster managers. If these two tools are used effectively, disaster management will be an easy task as there will be increased communication and coordination among the involved departments. Reference List FEMA. (2004). National Incident Management System (NIMS): An introduction. Web. Hicks, J. M. (2006). Introduction and Coordination of NIMS with our Business Community. Retrieved from  https://www.usfa.fema.gov/index. html Naake, E. L. (2003). National Incident Management System (NIMS) Guide for county officials. Retrieved from  https://nema.nebraska.gov/Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on NIMS and ICS Models benefits to the State-Level Homeland Security Procedure was written and submitted by user Eliza Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Name about my name poem Essays

Name about my name poem Essays Name about my name poem Essay Name about my name poem Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Name about my name poem Ahmed I was named after my grandfather, It is the number 300, In addition, my name is of profit Mohamed’s name, It is a Muslim name and it embraces humor, As a way of defusing hatred and prompting understanding, My initials is AA, My nickname is Ace, The reason for my nickname is because, Whenever I play card, I do have at least one ace on my head, My name is Ahmed, My friends misinterprets it as Ahmed Ahmed, Just like the Arab-American comedy actor, Because I make funs, which make them laugh, My friends find it hard to hate me because am peaceful, My name is Ahmed, It means I believe in religious revolutionary, That only through Ahmed, people can seek Allah, He is the one, who brings trustworthiness that improves, Performance of Islamic religious beliefs, My name is Ahmed, The profit of Mohammed through which people seek Allah, Those who seek for help from Allah, Have no doubts on him, Because they will get peace through Mohamed, My name is Ahmed, It is like prophet Mohamed, Because through Allah, he creates peace, It is the memory of my grandfather, Who taught me to believe and have piece with others.

Article two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article two - Essay Example Engaging in corporate responsibility gives the company a better image and consumers will want to engage more in the products being offered ( Crane, 21). Social responsibility can take different forms, the most popular being committing funds or resources for important social aspects. An example is donating money towards funding a facility for the blind. Another form of social responsibility is producing goods and services that are in the best interest of the whole community such as environmental friendly products or use of safe manufacturing materials. According to (Crane, 79) the best form of corporate social responsibility should integrate the two forms mentioned above. Produce environmental friendly products and funding charitable activities. Conclusively, the benefits of social responsibility include easy government relations. Companies have a more positive outlook if they take social responsibility seriously. No problems or campaigns will be launched against such companies. It also benefits the public relations by shaping consumer image and acting as a branding tool. Last it provides a positive environment in the working place. The employees are more productive knowing that they are engaging with a company that cares about the society (crane,

Politics in Cambodia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Politics in Cambodia - Essay Example Racial discrimination, in most cases, occurs in several ways. Mostly, racial discrimination takes the form of biological supremacy where those who discriminate believe they are superior and better than the rest. However, the superiority concept is not always a factor in racial discrimination. As was in the case of the genocide in Cambodia, the Khmer Rouges, the main native group, actively discriminated the rest of the groups not necessarily based on their biological identities. On the contrary, racial discrimination in the country was based on economics, politics and their cultural composition of the groups. Stereotyping of issues around these concepts mainly led to racial discrimination of the minority groups. For instance, wealth was an important factor that determined how the Khmer Rouge treated each person. In that respect, the Cambodians were divided into two broad categories; the base people mainly made of the peasant farmers in rural areas and the new people who lived in citie s. Consequently, the new people suffered the most; they were forced to handle tough jobs in extreme conditions. Later, the text will illustrate how the stereotyping of the urban new Chinese minority as economically endowed persons led to exploitation and discrimination policies under the regime. Stereotyping of the Chinese as being among the wealthy class groups resulted in racial discrimination where they  faced  harsher terms compared to the native Khmer.

Essay on Law and Politics. Can the United Nations meet the key

On Law and Politics. Can the United Nations meet the key challenges facing the international community today - Essay Example Along with this evolution of humans and territories, the political setup, which ruled villages, also evolved and new political setups came into being, to rule cities, provinces or states and importantly countries. So, this evolution and establishment of different countries and their government setups have necessitated the formation of a single, omnipresent overseeing organization. The organization that will look after, how the various countries ‘interact’ in sensitive issues, collude in issues which are detrimental to the third country, their internal affairs etc, etc- the list is an lengthy one. In total, a global government to govern the entire globe or world was the need of the hour and so United Nations (UN) was established in 1945. But, the image of ‘global government’ was compromised by the unilateral actions of few countries. So, this paper will discuss how UN despite this contemporary challenge of unilateralism by some countries is still relevant and optimally functioning with the tag of global government UN was started or raised from the ruins of the Second War mainly as an international organization that can prevent any further occurrence of World wars and to look after the basic issues concerning the world population. On 25 April 1945, the ‘seeding’ for the UN was ‘laid’ in San Francisco, when the UN Conference on International Organizations was held with representatives of national governments, non-governmental organizations and important leaders of the world countries participating in it. They were involved in the drafting the UN charter. That charter and thereby the United Nation Organization came into being two months later on June 26, 1945. Around 50 nations who attended the conference and provided their inputs for the drafting of the charter signed the charter, becoming UN members. In course of time, more countries joined it, raising its strength to over 200 countries, giving

The Cases Of A Judicial Precedent

The Cases Of A Judicial Precedent Judicial precedent can be explained as where past decisions of judges are followed in future cases when the facts of the cases are similar. Therefore the legal definition of Judicial precedent can be stated as a courts judgment quoted as a power for choosing a comparable set of facts; a case which provides authority for the legal principle launched in its judgment. It refers to the way in which the law is made and amended through the decisions of judges as there is no particular set of binding rules. The judicial precedents doctrine is based on the principle called stare decisis to stand upon decisions and by which precedents are commanding and compulsory and must be practiced. This means that lower courts are bound to apply the legal principles set by superior courts in earlier cases. This provides balance and certainty in the law. A precedent is always based upon the two factors the ratio decidendi which means a reason for the decision and obiter dictum which means something said by the way and also, the decisions made in the previous relevant cases. The ratio decidendi of a case is the important part of establishing precedents that binds inferior courts in the hierarchy. When a judge makes his judgement in a case, he outlines the facts which he finds have been proved on the evidence. Then he applies the law to those facts and reaches at a decision, for which he gives the reason (ratio decidendi). Whereas obiter dictum is a decision given by a judge that has only incidental bearing on the case in question and is therefore not binding in later cases. The decision of the judge may vary according to the facts of the case and is not strictly relevant to the matter in the issue in the original case. The ratio decidendi is the binding part of a judicial decision whereas an obiter dictum isnt. However, an obiter dictum may be of persuasive (as opposed to binding) authority in later cases. Even if any difficulty arises, the judge will give reasons for his decision, however he will not always tell what the ratio decidendi of case is, and it is then up to a later judge to figure out (elicit) the ratio of the case. However, there may be disagreement over what the ratio is and there may be more than one ratio. Thus, it is not always easy to differentiate ratio decidendi from obiter dictum when assessing the effects of a particular decision; however, when judicial precedent is used, the judge follows or takes the reference of a decision made in a similar past cases that has already been judged upon and he is ruling the same way using the other case as a guideline. Thus, law reporting, hierarchy of courts and a method of distinguishing between obiter dicta ratio decidendi are considered to be the key features of judicial precedent. The general rule of the precedent is that all courts are bound to follow decisions made by their superior courts and appellate courts are usually bound by their own previous decisions. However, certain of the superior courts think themselves as bound by their own verdicts whilst others do not.. Until 1966 The House of Lords was bound by its own previous decisions when Lord Gardiner LC announced a change of practice. The Practice Statement [1966] 1 WLR 1234 stated that even though the House of Lords would treat its decisions as normally binding, it would move off from these when it appeared right to do so. A judgment of the House of Lords ties all lower courts but does not consider itself as strictly bound by its past decisions, for eg, in Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1990) the House overruled its previous decision in Anns v London Borough of Merton (1978) on the matter of a local authoritys legal responsibility in negligence to prospect purchasers of property. The Court of Appeal is bound by decisions of the House of Lords although it considers them to be wrong. However in Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd [1944] KB 718, the Court of Appeal held that it was bound by its own previous decisions subject to the following three exceptions: i. If there is conflict between own previous decisions, the Court of Appeal must decide which is to be followed or rejected. ii. The Court of Appeal must not follow its own decision which cannot stand with a decision of the House of Lords even if its decision hasnt been expressly overruled by the House of Lords. iii. The Court of Appeal need not to follow its own decision if satisfied that it was given per incuriam (literally, by carelessness or mistake). The High Court and the county courts are bound by the decisions of the court of appeal. Principally there is no difference in the application of stare decisis in the civil and criminal divisions of the Court of Appeal. In practice, because a persons liberty may be at risk, precedent is not followed as strictly in the criminal division however judges tend to follow the decisions of the high court for the sake of certainty. For example R v Taylor [1950] 2 KB 368. The High Court is bound by the decisions of Court of Appeal and the House of Lords however it is not bound by other High Court decisions. The county courts are bound by the decisions of individual high courts. House of Lords and the Court of Appeal binds Divisional Court and normally follows a previous decision of another Divisional Court but if they believe that the previous decision was wrong, they may depart. For eg. R v Greater Manchester Coroner, ex parte Tal [1985] QB 67. The Crown Court judgments are not binding, though they are of persuasive authority. Therefore, Crown Court judges are not obliged to follow them. The decisions made by the judges of county courts and magistrates courts are not binding. Judicial precedent is one of the most important source of English law. An original precedent created and applied a new rule whereas the later decisions, of the higher courts, can have a number of effects upon precedents. Particularly they may be: Reversed: where on appeal in the same case, the decision is reversed and the appeal court substitute its own decision. Overruled: Overruling can occur if the previous court fail to apply law correctly, or because the later court considers that the rule of law contained in the previous ratio decidendi is no longer required, then a higher court can overrule a decision made in an earlier case by a lower court. For example, the Court of Appeal can overrule a past High Court decision. A refusal to follow: the court may refuse to follow the earlier decision especially when it is not bound by the decision or cannot overrule it but doesnt wish to follow it. Distinguished: Judges use distinguishing as a tool to avoid following a earlier decision which they would otherwise be bound to follow. It helps to keep judicial precedent and the law flexible. Where a judge founds that the material facts of the present case to be considerably different from the earlier case, then he may distinguish both the cases and refuse to follow previous decision. For eg. Merritt v Merritt (1971) and Balfour v Balfour (1919) Explained: a judge may seek to study or discuss a past decision before applying it or distinguishing it, thus the impact of the previous case is diverse in the circumstances of the current case. A decision which is reached per incuriam is one reached by carelessness or mistake, and can be avoided. For eg. Morelle v Wakeling [1955] 2 QB 379 However, this rule does not allow the Court of Appeal to ignore decisions of the House of Lords. There are three types of Precedent, Original, Binding and Persuasive and are used instead of statutory law in civil cases. Original Precedent is one where the point of law is absolutely new and has never been decided before, means a new case that has never been in trial, the decision then judge comes to will form a new precedent for subsequent cases which may be persuasive but not binding on the court. for eg. the cases heard regarding the 7th July 2005 London bombings were original precedent as the cases were never heard before a UK judge. Binding precedent is when a case involves a point of law, the lawyers for both sides will research past cases to try and find decisions that will help their clients win the case. A past decision is only binding if the decision is at the right level in the hierarchy and the facts of the second case are satisfactorily similar and also only the ratio decidendi of the earlier case is binding. A persuasive precedent is not completely binding on a court but may be applied. For eg. a. Decisions of English courts lower in the hierarchy. For eg, the House of Lords may follow a Court of Appeal decision, and the Court of appeal may follow a High Court decision, even though not strictly bound to do so. b. Decisions made by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. c. Decisions made in the courts in Scotland, Ireland, the Commonwealth (especially Australia, Canada and New Zealand), and the USA. These decisions are usually cited specially where there is a shortage or absolute lack of English authority on a point. d. Obiter dicta of English judges. Judicial precedent enables certainty in the law as its detailed. It helps in forecasting the decision only by looking at the existing precedents. The uniformity in the law enables to treat similar cases in the same way which in turn helps to give the system a sense of justice and to make the system acceptable to the public. However, it may lead to some difficulties in deciding what the ratio decidendi is, mainly when there are a number of reasons. As it is not a set of binding rules, the system limits the growth of the law and can create injustice in individual cases. Hundreds of cases are reported each year, making it hard to find the relevant precedent which should be followed and thus creates a confusion and becomes too complex with thousands of fine distinctions. If judicial precedent was a set of binding rules like statutory law it would have not been that flexible. Therefore from the above discussion, we can conclude that, it is crystal clear that the judicial precedent is based on the real facts and situations, unlike legislation or statutory laws where the law is created. Judicial precedent is practical in nature, and therefore it becomes more flexible. Thus we get number of ways to avoid precedents which allows the system to change and to adapt to new situations referring through a wealth of cases. Thus, judicial precedent is best understood as a practice of the courts and not as a set of binding rules. As a practice it could be refined or changed by the courts as they wish.

Schindlers lost Essay -- essays research papers

Shindler's List Schindlers List "Memory is all we have, and when the memories are dreadful- when they hold images of the pain we have suffered or, perhaps inflicted- they are what we are try to escape" (Corliss 110). Steven Spielberg captures the audience in this critically acclaimed movie about the Holocaust. Schindlers List is a movie made to induce the mind into the unknown, the horrors of World War II. David Ansen states "Schindlers List plunges us into the nightmare of the Holocaust with newsreel-like urgency- and amazing restraint" (Newsweek 113). Spielberg brings out all emotions in recapturing this monstrous time period. Schindlers List is about Oskar Schindler, a German Nazi who uses the Jews to make money off the war. At the beginning of the movie Schindler is portrayed as a womanizer, gambler, and heavy drinker. He becomes friends with some top Nazi officials to better himself. As the movie progresses Schindler begins to produce war materials using the Jews as a labor force. As he sits back and watches the various actions of the Nazis he begins to question his morals. His accountant, Itzhak Stern, begins making a list of around 1200 Jews. These Jews were to come and work in Schindlers' factory. When Germany surrendered all of the Nazis were to be hunted. Many Jews thanked him and all of the workers wrote a letter explaining Schindlers' actions. Also, a gold ring was given to him inscribed, "Whoever saves one life saves the world entire" (Talmud). Schindler said good-bye to his workers and fled. Only now the Jews are liberated to have nowhere to go and nowhere to leave. Many great directors concentrate on dialogue, scenery, and plat; however, Spielberg stresses the importance of camera angles and the effect of black and white film, scenes and characters, on viewers in Schindlers List. With his outstanding work on camera angles, Steven Spielberg holds the audience at breath while waiting for the next scene. Spielberg uses a hand held came ra to grasp the effects. David Denby explains how the use of a handheld camera is much more accurate. "The camera keeps moving [†¦] moving fast, chasing corners and up stairways [†¦]." Spielberg makes the movie look "like and advertent look of newsreel footage" (1282). Life magazine quoted Spielberg discussing the image of Amon Goeth sunbathing. A man named Raymon... ...s that there is mass murdering going on. By looking on the walls at the shadows, the sights seen are atrocious. These shadows came from the black and white color of the film. So what caused the Holocaust? Many agree the main factor was indifference. "Schindler's List is about the triumph of the human spirit over sadism and degradation, indifference and silence" (Rader 6). Oskar Schindler saved 1200 Jews. Today more than 6000 Jews are descendants of the Schindler Jews. Spielberg ends the movie with the Schindler Jews placing stones on Schindler's grave. The movie is now in color to remind the audience that there is still mourning going on for the Holocaust victims. Someone who was dedicated to recreating an awful historical event could only do this movie. Steven Spielberg, a Jew himself, never believed he could make it through the movie. He too believed that the black and white made the movie easier to bear with, and gave it a more realistic viewpoint. "The movie en ds with the final message "Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire." This message is true. Spielberg has constructed this movie as an educational film, so that it may never happen again.